A thorough ophthalmologic examination was carried out in a darkened environment. The exam did not show any lid or and conjunctival problems, the menace was bilaterally positive, and the Shirmer tear tests as well as the intraocular pressure values were normal. By direct focal light source stimulation, the direct and consensual pupillary reflexes were normal or slightly more accentuated. Direct ophthalomoscopy revealed a regular morphology and arrangement of the iris and net margins of the pupillary lumen. After mydriasis induction, examination of both lenses revealed mild central nuclear opacity irregularly extending towards the periphery. Partial fundus evaluation revealed a regular papilla and a normal tapetum. Hematological parameters and clinical biochemistry did not show notable alterations. MLN4924 Analysis of the pedigree data revealed that all four affected animals were paternal half siblings of Volturno. Furthermore, their respective dams were also paternal half sibs belonging to another sire Posimo which had been culled some years before. We examined three other young calves with the same family relationship and approximately the same age as the affected animals and they did not show any visible ocular problems. Both bulls, Volturno and Posimo, had a common male ancestor over 1 and 3 generations ago which was born in 1978. Although none of these three sires was still alive a visible cataract could probably be excluded as they were selected after a detailed clinical exam revealing no signs of genetic conditions before they were used as artificial insemination sires. In the past few decades, mortality due to coronary artery disease has decreased substantially in the industrialized countries thanks to the improved medical care, but it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. In addition to the optimal pharmacological therapies and modern revascularization procedures, a number of preventive strategies have been created with a view to the further reduction of the morbidity and mortality of CAD. The recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology indicate that physical activity has a pivotal role in the primary prevention in healthy subjects, and moreover it reduces the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality too. Moderate aerobic exercise training in patients with CAD improves myocardial perfusion, muscular endurance and psychosocial well-being leading to enhanced flexibility, ameliorated symptoms, better cardiorespiratory fitness and a reduced CV risk. Training from 2.5 to 5 hours a week can result in a 20–30% CV and all-cause mortality risk reduction. In summary, moderate physical activity reduces the CV risk in a dose-dependent manner in both male and female healthy subjects, and even in patients with known CAD.