H2O2 concentrations and biological effects in primary cells putting forward the idea that generation of ROS by H2O2 incubation can not be modulated as easily as by plasma treatment. Plasma generated ROS were found to increase PPARc expression, the transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. In recent years the pleiotropic effects of PPAR-c agonists have become evident. PPAR-c, nevertheless, engages different signaling pathways in a cell specific fashion mainly through the net balance of the soluble factors produced. In cultured human HSCs and ISEMFs, plasma triggered the production and secretion of IL-6, cell migration, and proliferation and prompted the closure of the gap, as was assessed by the in vitro wound healing model. Cellular migration is crucial during the wound healing process and is regulated by several intra- and extra-cellular mechanisms. Actin polymerization, for example, produces force that alters the cytoskeletal structures and leads to cell adhesion and spreading in the immediate vicinity of the wound. The signals governing the uniform directionality of cell migration toward the repairing area are, however, not entirely understood. Nishimura and colleagues reported that human keratinocytes move to the negative pole of the electric fields generated near wounds in mammalian skin. The electrically directed movement, in the wound healing process. Findings from the present study demonstrated that migration and proliferation in the plasma-exposed HSCs and ISEMFs are ROS dependent since biological effects were significantly reduced by pre-treatment of cells with the NAC antioxidant agent. Indeed, a SCH772984 growing body of studies published by Lindequist U. and co-workers has clearly demonstrated that in the non-tumorigenic human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT plasma-generated ROS influences the expression of the surface pattern receptors mainly involved in cellular protrusion. It is well known, nevertheless, that plasma components, plasma power, the distance from the sample and exposure time affect cells differently. The numerous parameters influencing the performance of various plasmas could explain the differences in cell death and cell migration that have been outlined in other works. As clearly described in our own study, even the levels of intracellular ROS are important in tuning the cellular effects. Volotskova O. and colleagues, moreover, reported that following 100 s of treatment the reduction in fibroblast migration was affected by the distance from the treated area.