Although the location of HIPV receptors has not been fully identified yet, some studies have suggested that the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways are involved. However, whether these two pathways are equally effective in the induction process is unknown. Knocking out certain biochemical pathways in receiver plants appears to be a helpful approach. The gene transcript responses of receiver plants exposed to volatiles from emitters have been tested using custom microarray approaches covering part of the whole genome or that of hundreds of genes related to plant defense, but the plant defense response is a systematic process involving numerous pathways and genes. Therefore, a time course study using a genome-wide microarray may provide more accurate information about the volatile response process. Previous research has attempted to determine the extent to which volatile response and direct defense share similar gene expression profiles or pathways. By investigating the expression patterns of some defense genes, Kessler et al. found that both processes activated the same set of genes but that direct damage induced much stronger responses in these genes. However, whether this correlation holds at the whole-genome level and exists in other model systems is yet to be seen. Other studies have also attempted to identify effective volatile chemicals from emitter plants. Although a significant body of evidence indicates that HIPVs, as a mixture, are an effective signal, whether individual compounds, mainly including green leaf volatiles and terenes, can also serve the same function is unclear. Some green leaf volatiles have been found to induce defense responses in several plants, but whether these compounds can also act as an inducer in other systems has yet to be investigated. In this study, a system including two model species was developed to investigate the communication dynamics between different plant species. Lima bean plants, a model species in plant– plant communication studies and from which HIPVs can be effectively induced by leafminer feeding, were chosen as emitters. Arabidopsis thaliana plants, representing a wellestablished model with many Vincristine mutants, were selected as receivers. Affymetrix ATH1 genome arrays were used to examine the gene expression patterns of HIPV-exposed A. thaliana, with the results showing that the responses of the receivers were positively correlated with treatment duration. Using A. thaliana mutants, we subsequently found that the ET pathway in the receiver plants is indispensable to communication. Furthermore, the volatile treatment-activated functional pathways were compared with those activated by direct feeding. The defense pathways included genes responding to multiple organisms, stress, as well as external and chemical stimuli. The metabolism pathways involved genes related to alcohol metabolic processes, transport,Catharanthine-hemitartrate cell communication, aging, catabolic processes, and secondary metabolic processes. Fewer genes were down-regulated after 48 h of treatment compared with the up-regulated ones, and these genes were associated with stimuli and biological regulation processes. Unsurprisingly, the gene expression profiles of leafminer-infected tissue significantly differed from those of the control tissue. Approximately 3096 genes were regulated, of which 1695 were up-regulated and 1401 were down-regulated, with a threshold of more than twofold change. GO enrichment analysis indicated that feeding induced significant modifications in the genes mainly associated with stimulus-response and metabolic processes.