At present, there have been several studies reported the variations in the community compositions of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizer along the eutrophic gradient. Hou et al. also indicated that AOA may play a less important role than AOB in the nitrification process of eutrophic lakes. Future studies are needed to investigate the effects of temperature induced variation in the community compositions of ammonia oxidizer on the lake eutrophication. In summary, the effects of temperature on the abundance and community composition of AOA and AOB in the eutrophic lake microcosms were investigated. Different effects of temperature on the abundance and diversity of archaeal and bacterial amoA gene were observed. The elevated temperature increased the abundance of archaeal amoA gene, whereas the abundance of bacterial amoA gene decreased. The diversity of AOB was higher than that of AOA. The highest diversity of AOB was found in the 25uC treatment sample. However, the 25uC treatment sample maintained the lowest diversity of AOA. Most of the archaeal amoA sequences PSB 069 obtained in this study affiliated with the Nitrosopumilus cluster. N. oligotropha lineage was the dominant bacterial amoA group. The information obtained in this study would be useful to elucidate the temperature response mechanisms of nitrogen cycle in the eutrophic lake ecosystem. The prevalence of human atopic diseases including allergic rhinitis and asthma is increasing during recent decades. Sensitization to molds which are ubiquitous in our environment has been reported to be close to 80% of asthmatic patients. Hence, it is important to characterize fungal allergens and subsequently provide a basis for better diagnosis and treatment of fungal allergy. However, fungal allergens are difficult to be defined since multitudinous factors contribute to the results obtained. Due to these inherent difficulties, the manufacturing of standardized and high quality fungal allergen extracts is not available in the United States. It highlights the necessity of characterizing important fungal allergens. Cladosporium species are the dominant airborne spores worldwide. In addition, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium species are also airborne fungi in many areas including Taipei. Cladosporium and Alternaria are clinically important causative allergenic agents for patients Hypotaurine sensitive to fungi. Fusarium fungus can emit large amount of spores in rainy or humid enrivonment.