A reverse causation is also possible, implying that mothers developed distress because of failure to breastfeed. Surprisingly, this only had a minor impact on the physiological development of the retinal vasculature. However, under hyperoxic conditions deletion of astrocyte-derived VEGF led to a pronounced destabilization of the retinal vasculature. While the notion that c-Myc overexpression leads to accumulation of double strand breaks with consequent increased frequency of chromosomal rearrangements has been long known, multiple underlying mechanisms have been proposed, one of which is increased generation of ROS and. However, it was recently shown that DNA damage in cMyc overexpressing cells could accumulate independently of ROS. Here, we propose that the dramatic acceleration of S-phase in c-Myc overexpressing cells leads to an accumulation of abnormal replication structures that, if left unrepaired because of WRN depletion, become sites of double stranded breaks. In contrast to deep breathing, the postural change from lying to standing and the Valsalva manoeuvre evoke much stronger changes in blood pressure which is reflected in an adaptive downregulation of BRS. Passive head-up tilting leads to pooling of blood in peripheral veins with concomitant reductions in central venous pressure, ventricular filling and stroke volume. As consequence, there is an activation of baroreflex circuit followed by sympathetically mediated peripheral vasoconstriction and cardiovagal withdrawal. Similarly, the sudden, transient increase in intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure during Valsalva manoeuvre is followed by a drop in blood pressure which is counter-regulated by peripheral vasoconstriction and tachycardia. The baroreflex response to both manoeuvres was reliably mapped by TRS as demonstrated by an increase of low frequency power of systolic blood pressure and heart rate and a decrease of high frequency power of RRI. Previously, the decline in BRS during standing had been associated with the shift of autonomic tone towards sympathetic predominance. In agreement, we found a negative association between changes of BRS and low frequency oscillations of blood pressure and RRI. It has been suggested that the increased sympathetic tone may lead to changes of mechanical vessel wall properties such as increased stiffness. Saeed et al. demonstrated a smaller distention of the carotid vascular wall during standing after a comparable blood pressure change resembling a smaller stimulus for baroreceptor activation. We and others also revealed a Ponatinib positive association between changes in BRS and in parasympathetic activity during postural change. It has been previously pointed out that the sulfation state of a GAG is an important determinant of the ability of the polysaccharide to promote or accelerate amyloid fibril formation.