TLR5 was up-regulated only after chemotherapy. This suggests that innate immune responses may be somewhat different between early and advanced stage NSCLC patients. These three genes may be candidate biomarkers to predict tumor progression and response to chemotherapy. SLC22A4, which is an organic cation transporter and has been previously identified to confer cellular uptake and sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs, may play a role in the pharmacokinetics of CDDP and GEM. The Syn2 gene has been implicated in synaptogenesis, neurotransmitter release, and the localization of nitric oxide synthase. The relationship between Syn2 and Orbifloxacin cancer has not yet been reported and needs to be clarified in future studies. The present study is biased and has several limitations. First, we used PBMC rather than immune cells in cancer tissues to represent the tumor-induced alteration of the immune system. Genetic Lomitapide Mesylate signatures from PBMC may be dynamically influenced by blood-based immune effector cells, primary tumor, metastatic tumor, and rare tumor cells occasionally detected in blood from cancer patients. However, gene expression profiles derived from PBMC have been suggested as a promising tool for the early detection or prediction of prognosis in cancer patients in several previous studies, implying that a similar regulation of genes may be present in immune cells of cancer tissues and peripheral blood from cancer patients. Reactivity to environmental changes is a key property of all living organisms that enables them to survive and develop. Cells undergo adaptation to stress conditions via various mechanisms. To save energy, general translation is reduced and the expression of stress response-specific genes is triggered. New ribonucleoprotein complexes are formed, through which the fate of mRNA molecules and translation machinery components is regulated. Major accumulations of cytoplasmic RNP complexes that have been recognized in higher eukaryotes – processing bodies and stress granules have also been found in yeasts. Whilst P-bodies are present even in unstressed cells and they become dominant upon stress, SGs are formed only in stressed cells. Besides translationally repressed mRNA molecules, P-bodies also contain proteins involved in mRNA degradation, translation repression, mRNA quality control and other functions. However, nowadays it is evident that the function of P-bodies is far more complex than merely mRNA degradation and is still not well understood. The composition of SGs is influenced by the particular stress conditions and depends on the organism being subjected to the stress. It is generally accepted that major SGs components are stalled translation preinitiation complexes, which contain molecules of mRNA, small ribosomal subunits and several translation initiation factors. Besides these, they may contain a few other factors, which could be found either in SGs or P-bodies. Thus, P-bodies and SGs represent two distinct types of RNP assemblies, which can share some components and 
can be in spatial contact, but differ in their role in cell adaptation to environmental changes, which is realized via translation regulation and mRNA metabolism. Analogous to mammalian cells, it is thought that yeast SGs take part in regulation of translation, sorting and storage of mRNA molecules, and the preservation of selected translation factors and mRNA molecules against an influence of a stress. Recently, they have been shown to control TORC1 signaling.