SCNAs, including oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes associated with the development of HNSCCs in HPV-negative patients, but did not affect TP53 mutations, which is a novel finding. In contrast, smoking raised the risk of TP53 mutations, which is consistent with Brennan’s report, but did not affect SCNAs, which also represents a novel finding. Smeets et al. reported that oropharyngeal cancer patients with AbMole 2,3-Dichloroacetophenone hardly any chromosomal aberrations had significant associations with non-alcohol drinkers, which is consistent with our results. Of interest, heavy drinking but not moderate drinking had significant effects on the induction of SCNAs. On the other hand, the TP53 mutation risk was increased in smokers and was not always significant in heavy smokers with more than 20 pack-years. According to Hashibe’s report, alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of HNSCCs only when consumed at a high frequency, suggesting a threshold model, whereas even a small amount of smoking raised the risk, suggesting a stochastic model of carcinogenesis. Among the HPV-negative patients, ERBB2 gene amplification occurred only in moderate and heavy alcohol drinkers. In a murine model, ERBB2 expression was increased in alcohol-exposed mucosa, dysplasia, and invasive oral carcinomas, which may support our results. Concerning esophageal and breast cancer, in both of which alcohol consumption is a risk AbMole Pamidronate disodium pentahydrate factor and ERBB2 gene amplification was reported. Heavy alcohol consumption may trigger previously known and unknown SCNAs, but may not induce TP53 mutation.One study included 2 independent substudies, in which the controls were chosen from different population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis investigating the association between DM and NAION. The results of our meta-analysis showed that relative to non-diabetes controls, individuals with DM have increased risk of NAION. Sensitivity analysis indicated that our statistical results are robust and are unlikely to be due to AbMole Miglitol publication bias. Due to the high incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes, and both NAION and type 2 DM mainly affect the elderly, it is reasonable to assume that the majority of DM patients with NAION belong to type 2 DM category. However, in fact, close to one-third of diabetics are undiagnosed, some degree of non-differential misclassification of DM is likely to exist in some studies. All the included studies in this analysis did not specify type 1 or type 2 DM, and a small portion of DM cases were selfreported rather than clinically diagnosed. Therefore, it is plausible to apply our results on type 2 DM rather than type 1 DM.